Horses have specific preferences for the tastes, textures and smells of the food they ingest. Sometimes, these propensities are subordinate to physical conditions, sometimes not. Therefore, before understanding how to feed a horse that does not eat, it is necessary to determine the reason why the horse shows poor appetite. Let's see what the causes are and how to solve them so that the horse is fed correctly.

Sudden change of feeding and poor appetite in horse
Horses are creatures of habit and any change in feeding must be made gradually. This is particularly true for finicky horses. They are very sensitive to anything different or unusual, so if you have to change the feed or add a new complementary feed, you must be careful not to simply put it on the food in the suggested amount.

. It is very likely that the change will not be noticed if it is made gradually over a few days or weeks. In any case, changes in the ration must be made gradually for the well-being of the horse's digestive system. Time must be taken to introduce the new feed without the horse noticing. If, on the other hand, you opt for a change in the type or brand of feed, about 10 days are required. During the transition period, it is important to aid digestion by including complementary feeds based on prebiotics and probiotics such as Enterovet in the ration.

If the horse does not want to eat the new feed? It is necessary to try the new feed for a sufficient period of time to give it a fair chance. It is essential to leave the feed in the stall overnight and continue to try it for a few days with the same feed before finally giving up. Many people are often discouraged at the first feeding, but the horse may need more time.
Stress and poor appetite in the horse

Separation anxiety caused by a move to another stable, the removal of a companion or simply travelling alone to a competition can lead to loss of appetite in some horses. Although it usually only lasts for a short period of time, the problem can have significant consequences if this period of time coincides with a critical time such as the time before a major event, when it can have dramatic effects on performance.
Poor appetite in the depressed horse

When it comes to management, horses can have similar reactions to humans. Horses that are in small, dark, closed stables, only go out to work and then are let back in, may lose their appetite due to something akin to a depressive state. Similarly, horses living together in paddocks establish hierarchies and those at the bottom of the pecking order may be harassed by a dominant horse and consequently become disinterested in feed as a sign of general discomfort.
Poor appetite due to changes in the dental table

Performing periodic check-ups on the horse's teeth is highly desirable, at least once or twice a year. Some older horses or horses with poor mouth conformation require more regular interventions. Mouth discomfort is a common cause of poor appetite for all horses of all ages.
Gum problems and poor appetite

Some feeds, such as barley hay, are sharp and can damage the horse's gums. Rough, stubby and overly lignified hay can also cause problems, although this is quite rare. These abrasions can affect appetite, so if there is a suspicion of gum damage due to the feed, the oral cavity must be inspected and a change of feed or hay and a softer feed administered to avoid the problem.
Excessive use of cereals and lesions of the gastric mucosa

Gastric acidity is a problem that mainly affects horses on diets high in cereals. Acidity can cause generalised discomfort in the horse and reduce appetite. The first step is to reduce the size of meals and increase their frequency, if possible choose low starch feeds such as Fat Fiber (starch <12%)

Horses on high grain diets and those that do not get enough forage in their diet are prone to gastric mucosal lesions. Horses that work intensively and those that become stressed during travel and competition are at risk, as are those fasting for prolonged periods.

In these cases, it is necessary not only to reduce the grain quota, but also to reduce workloads, facilitate access to the paddock and make hay available ad libitum. Complementary feeds that promote the healing of moderate ulcers, such as Trophogast pellets, whose effectiveness has been tested by the University of Milan, prove particularly useful.
The position of the feed in the box

Feeding from the ground is a better option than using a raised trough because it follows the ethology and physiology of the horse more closely. A horse that eats from the ground stretches its oesophagus in a straight line, whereas feeding from a raised trough causes a curvature of the oesophagus that can obstruct the passage of feed and make it less easy to swallow.
Aromas, tastes and sensations: the finicky horse

Horses may show poor appetite because they can be finicky, in fact just like humans they have preferences on the consistency of feed: some prefer pelleted feed, while others prefer a flaked or crushed feed. In addition to texture, the smell of the feed is also important; if they don't like it, the horse will stay a few centimetres away from the bucket and not come any closer. According to one study, horses prefer sweet flavours, mainly because their source of energy is carbohydrates, which are nothing more than compound sugars. Bitter flavours are generally discarded by the horse because they are ancestrally related to plants that are toxic to this species and usually taste bitter.
For more information on the causes of poor appetite and on how to manage the change of feed in your stable or for your horse, send us an e-mail to info@equiplanet.it
Bibliography
- Nutrition-associated problems facing elite level three-day eventing horses. Leahy ER, 2010
- Equine gastric ulcer syndrome in adult horses. van den Boom R, 2022
- Chronic Renal Failure-Causes, Clinical Findings, Treatments and Prognosis. Olsen E, 2022
- Nutrition of the Aged Horse. Nicola G. Jarvis, 2009ù
- Don't Fence Me In: Managing Psychological Well Being for Elite Performance Horses. A.J.Z. Henderson, 2007
- https://ker.com/equinews/causes-poor-appetite-horses/